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流域环境变化的河流沉积物粒度响应——澜沧江案例

DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.09.007, PP. 1148-1155

Keywords: 河流沉积物,粒度,环境变化,水电开发,澜沧江

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Abstract:

河流沉积物对流域环境变化具有敏感响应,其粒度参数能反映水动力环境。本文以澜沧江为研究案例,探究河流沉积物粒度对流域环境变化的响应。从澜沧江干流19个主要控制断面采集河床沉积物样品,用筛分法和吸管法对沉积物样品粒度参数进行测定,并分析了粒度参数的时空变化规律及其对流域水能开发为主的人为环境变化的响应。研究结论认为①在空间尺度上,上游高原区,河谷宽坦,下蚀微弱,水流平缓,沉积物粒度较小,分选较好,呈负偏或近对称小峰度分布;中游高山峡谷河段,水流湍急,沉积物粒径变粗,分选相对上游较差,但整体分选良好,粒度出现较多正偏尖峰分布;下游中低山宽谷区受到梯级大坝的影响,河床沉积物中值粒径和平均粒径明显增大,且平均粒径增大更明显,分选变差,偏态趋向正偏,峰态尖锐化。②不同时间的样品粒度变化,反映梯级大坝致使坝下游沉积物中值粒径和平均粒径明显增大,且中值粒径增大更明显,分选变差,偏态趋向正偏,峰态尖锐化。研究结果既符合河流上下游沉积物粒度分布规律,也反映了河流环境变化对沉积物粒度组成的影响。

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