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区域规划环境评价的空间尺度效应——对上海高桥镇和浦东新区的案例研究

DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.06.009, PP. 739-748

Keywords: 区域规划环境评价,空间尺度,基础数据,显著环境因子,评价指标体系,大气环境影响预测

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Abstract:

区域规划环境评价的空间特性决定其对空间尺度的敏感性。本文从理论层面对区域规划环评中空间尺度与基础数据的关系、空间尺度与显著环境因子识别以及评价指标体系的关系、空间尺度与大气环境影响预测的关系进行了初步探讨。并以“上海高桥镇区域规划环境影响评价”(2005年)和“上海浦东新区国民经济与社会发展规划战略环境评价”(2010年)为例,通过对比方法,进一步说明空间尺度与显著环境因子识别和评价指标体系以及与环境影响预测的关系。结果表明基础数据收集、汇总是区域规划环评中极为重要的环节,由于不同类型的基础数据表现出不同的空间特征,需要根据评价区域的实际和评价要求,合理选择数据所涵盖的空间范围和空间分辨率。区域规划环境评价应根据本身的层次、涉及范围,筛选出合理的显著环境因子,并建立相应的评价指标体系。大尺度上环境空气质量预测评价的结果侧重于总体描述、解释污染物散布的宏观空间格局和趋势,而在小尺度上则更有利于揭示局地精细化的污染扩散规律。

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