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科学通报  2015 

中国大地形东侧霾空间分布“避风港”效应及其“气候调节”影响下的年代际变异

DOI: 10.1360/N972014-00101, PP. 1132-1143

Keywords: 大地形,,气候调节,逆温盖,年代际变化

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Abstract:

研究发现中国区域霾日空间分布的大地形影响与季节特征显著,在西风带背景下高原大地形东侧背风坡可构成“避风港”效应,其可能是中国东部区域霾日高频区域性分布重要的影响因素之一;中国区域冬季为霾日高频时段,春、夏、秋季大部分区域为霾日数低频区,但近10年大气污染物排放持续加剧,中国东部霾高发时段由冬季延伸至春、秋、夏季,其呈现出大气环境恶化的“强信号”特征.虽然中国区域霾日数年际变化趋势主要依赖于污染源排放程度,值得注意的是虽然20世纪80,90年代中国区域CO2排放强度加大,但中国东部霾日频数年际变化却表现出波动型相对“平稳”缓升特征,此阶段中国东部对流层中下层出现了大气温度距平垂直结构“上冷下暖”的“不稳定”状态,其有利于中国东部大气扩散或对流;而近10年阶段中国东部出现霾天气与大气污染排放同步加剧异常变化,2001~2012年期间中国东部对流层中下层则呈“上暖下冷”类似“逆温盖”,即大气温度距平垂直结构出现年代际“逆转”趋势,此大气温度垂直结构年代际特征可能加剧了大气污染排放的环境影响效应,引发了中国东部大范围霾天气变异现象.

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