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科学通报  2015 

有机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展

DOI: 10.1360/N972014-00956, PP. 581-592

Keywords: 有机金属卤化物钙钛矿,太阳能电池,禁带宽度,空穴传输层,界面,密度泛函理论

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Abstract:

2009年CH3NH3PbI3太阳能电池问世,因其具备制备工艺相对简单、光电转换率高等优点,引起了国内外研究者极大的关注.近几年,有机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池发展迅速,光伏性能不断得到提高.然而CH3NH3PbI3电池器件受钙钛矿材料本身禁带宽度的限制,对太阳光的吸收光谱不够宽,并且其重要组成部分的Pb元素,具有一定毒性.因此制备带隙更窄、环境友好及化学稳定性好的有机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池具有重要的应用价值.本文评述了以寻找Pb的替代元素、提高入射光吸收效率、改善太阳能电池光伏性能为目标所进行的钙钛矿材料禁带宽度调控方面的研究成果,比较了有机、无机空穴传输材料和无空穴传输材料钙钛矿太阳能电池的光伏性能,讨论了界面结构在电子和空穴输运过程中的重要性.介绍了目前在CH3NH3PbI3及类似有机金属卤化物钙钛矿材料的原子结构、能带结构和禁带宽度等理论研究方面的进展,讨论了常见计算方法的优缺点和需要注意的问题,为开展有机金属卤化物钙钛矿的理论研究提供了思路.最后提出该领域目前存在的问题以及对未来的展望.

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