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中国沙漠  2015 

人工固沙植被区土壤水分动态及空间分布

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00093

Keywords: 人工固沙植被,土壤水分,动态变化

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Abstract:

土壤水分是干旱区固沙植被生长发育最主要的限制因子,了解其动态变化特征对沙区人工植被建设具有重要意义。本研究利用EnviroSMART土壤水分监测系统,于2009-2013年对宁夏沙坡头地区人工固沙植被区的土壤水分动态进行连续监测。结果表明:(1)降水对土壤水分状况及动态变化有较大的影响。土壤水分总体处于过度消耗状态,在非生长季,土壤水分没有明显的回升现象。(2)生长季初期(4-5月)为土壤水分弱消耗阶段;生长旺盛期(6-8月)为土壤水分快速消耗阶段,水分变化波动较剧烈,空间异质性最强;生长季末期(9-10月)的土壤水分处于相对稳定状态。(3)土壤水分随深度增加呈“S”形变化趋势,浅层的土壤含水量明显高于其他深度,200cm深度土壤含水量较低且年际间变化不大(1.53%~2.10%)。湿润年份土壤水分剧烈变化的土层深度为0~100cm,而干旱年份为0~20cm。(4)相对于干旱年份,湿润年份的土壤含水量不但较高,而且水分变化波动较为剧烈。当土壤水分较低时,其变异性会随着土壤水分含量的增加而增加。(5)试验区灌木盖度在5年间呈下降趋势,一年生草本受降水量影响年际变化较大。受降水时空分布影响的土壤水分是沙坡头人工植被演替的重要驱动力。

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