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明清时期河南蝗灾时空特征及其与气候变化的联系

DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2015.0110, PP. 66-76

Keywords: 蝗灾,时空特征,气候变化,明清时期,河南

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Abstract:

利用史料记录建立了明清时期河南蝗灾数据库,进而构建了蝗灾年份序列和蝗灾县次序列,再现蝗灾发生的时空特征,探讨了蝗灾动态与气候变化的关联。结果表明:明清时期河南蝗灾平均2.4年一遇,是过去千年较为频繁的时期;1520-1530年、1580-1590年、1610-1640年、1690年和1850-1860年是河南蝗灾的5个高发期;蝗灾县次序列没有明显的递增趋势,17世纪是典型的重大蝗灾的群发期。河南蝗灾的空间分布呈现广泛但不均的特点,豫北、豫东地区是蝗灾高发区域,豫西、豫南地区则发生相对较少。小波分析显示,蝗灾爆发没有显著的周期性;蝗灾频率与规模之间存在类似古登堡-里查德关系。蝗灾在气温偏冷和偏暖时期都有可能爆发,受温度变化影响不显著;蝗灾与降水关系密切,与干旱呈正相关关系。

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