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科技导报  2014 

柴达木盆地外生硼矿床成矿特征与找矿方向探讨——以雅沙图地区哈克盆地为例

DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2014.35.006, PP. 50-60

Keywords: 硼矿,矿床特征,找矿方向,哈克盆地,居红土

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Abstract:

中国硼矿资源形势不容乐观,急需寻找可替代外生硼矿床.哈克盆地位于柴达木盆地北部边缘,隶属于"溯源找矿"区域,该区硼矿和硼矿化形成为NW-NWW向山前逆冲断裂及NE向断层所控制.对盆地内岩石、沉积物、水系B含量分析结果表明,B含量具明显正异常,水化学组分富B、Li而贫Br、I,ΣCeΣY比值接近地壳,成矿来源主要为富硼地下水及富硼基岩.针对盆地内典型外生硼矿床——居红土硼矿研究发现如下规律硼矿体主要分布于晚更新世细粒沉积物之上,反映了稳定条件沉积特征;矿区碎屑沉积物纵向呈明显正粒序变化,硼矿主体自下而上随碎屑粒度由粗变细,B2O3含量由低到高,而自洼地中心向边缘,矿层呈中间厚向两侧变薄并逐渐尖灭的特点;通过光释光测年数据表明,矿床形成于晚更新世≥28ka;据硅华大部分变为低温石英和C蛋白石以及稀碱金属元素Li>Rb>Cs,表明硅华业经长期"脱水老化".综合矿区碳酸盐沉积物碳氧同位素和硅钙华底板XRD等研究,将居红土硼矿形成过程划分为3个阶段I早期硅钙华沉积阶段,II下部硼矿初始沉积阶段,III主体硼矿沉积阶段.

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