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大气科学  2008 

西北地区一次层状云降水云物理结构和云微物理过程的数值模拟研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.02.11

Keywords: 双参数谱演变方案,三层模型,微物理过程,雷达反射率

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Abstract:

利用MM5中增加的双参数显式云物理方案模拟了西北地区一次层状云降水过程,模拟结果显示对小雨的预报评分较高,对中雨以上评分低而且位置有一定偏差,即对层状云降水模拟效果较好。模式中增加了雷达反射率的计算,与延安站雷达RHI回波相比较,模拟的回波结构基本符合层状云回波特征,存在0℃层亮带。采用三层模型解释模拟的层状云降水形成机制和过程:第一层为冰晶区,无过冷水;第二层存在过冷水,为各种冰相粒子增长区,第一层和第二层的分界不固定;第三层和第二层的分界在0℃,为暖云。第一层对第二层播种冰晶,第二层为第一层播种下的冰晶供给过冷水,使冰晶快速增长;第二层对第三层播种雪和霰,使其在第三层融化成雨,第三层同时消耗云水。模拟给出了三层模型层状云场的空间结构,延安站不同时刻微物理量垂直分布和各种水凝物粒子的生成源项分析揭示了三层模型降水形成机制和主要微物理过程。三层模型可以完整和全面地解释层状云降水形成机制和过程。

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