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青藏高原末次盛冰期和全新世大暖期多年冻土边界变化的探讨

DOI: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2015.01.01, PP. 1-11

Keywords: 青藏高原,多年冻土,末次盛冰期,全新世大暖期

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Abstract:

位于中低纬的青藏高原多年冻土是第四纪高原隆升和冰期气候叠加的产物,与高纬多年冻土相比,具有厚度薄和不稳定的特点,对全球变化反应敏感。因此,评价冰期-间冰期多年冻土扩张-收缩过程和其范围重建,是研究高原环境变化的重要工作。本文依据青藏高原及周边地区温度数据和《中国冰川冻土沙漠图》,对青藏高原现代大片多年冻土、岛状多年冻土和高山多年冻土分布进行恢复。依据来自冰川、冰缘和湖泊等证据,采用末次盛冰期气温较现代低7℃,全新世大暖期气温较现代高4℃,进行末次盛冰期和全新世大暖期多年冻土分布重建。重建结果表明:末次盛冰期多年冻土扩张明显,面积约为现代冻土面积的195%;末次盛冰期大片多年冻土几乎覆盖整个高原,岛状多年冻土向东扩张明显,向西范围逐渐收缩变窄,高山多年冻土在喜马拉雅山、祁连山和横断山脉等地区扩张明显。全新世大暖期多年冻土明显收缩,面积是现代多年冻土的73%;大片多年冻土收缩幅度较小,岛状多年冻土在高原东南部收缩明显,高山多年冻土在喜马拉雅山脉、祁连山脉、横断山脉等高海拔山地发育。

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