15 徐庆华, 陆庆五. 禄丰古猿: 人科早期成员. 北京: 科学出版社, 2008. 1~224 Xu Qinghua, Lu Qingwu. Lufengpithecus lufengense——An Early Member of Hominidae. Beijing:Science Press, 2008. 1~224
[4]
16 宗冠福, 陈万勇, 黄学诗等. 横断山地区新生代哺乳动物及其生活环境. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1996. 1~297 Zong Guanfu, Chen Wanyong, Huang Xueshi et al. Cenozoic Mammals and Environment of Hengduan Mountains Region. Beijing:China Ocean Press, 1996. 1~279
[5]
49 李 强, 王世骐, 颉光普. 西藏阿里门士的真马化石. 第四纪研究, 2011, 31 (4):659~698 Li Qiang, Wang Shiqi, Xie Guangpu. Discovery of fossil Equus near Menshi(Moincêr, or Menci), Ngari, Xizang(Tibet). Quaternary Sciences, 2011, 31 (4):659~698
[6]
50 吴文裕, 孟 津, 叶 捷等. 准噶尔盆地北缘顶山盐池组中新世哺乳动物. 古脊椎动物学报, 2009, 47 (3):208~233 Wu Wenyu, Meng Jin, Ye Jie et al. The Miocene mammals from Dingshanyanchi Formation of North Junggar Basin, Xinjiang. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 2009, 47 (3):208~233
1 邱占祥, 黄为龙, 郭志慧. 中国的三趾马化石. 中国古生物志, 新丙种, 1987, 25 :1~250 Qiu Zhanxiang, Huang Weilong, Guo Zhihui. The Chinese hipparionine fossils. Palaeontologia Sinica, New Ser C, 1987, 25 :1~250
[9]
2 Bernor R L, Koufos G D, Woodbune M O et al. The evolutionary history and biochronology of European and Southwest Asian Late Miocene and Pliocene hipparionine horses. In:Bernor R L, Fahlbusch V, Mittmann H-W eds. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas. New York:Columbia University Press, 1996. 307~338
[10]
3 Bernor R L, Lipscomb D. The systematic position of "Plesiohipparion" aff. huangheense(Equidae, Hipparionini)from Gülyazi, Turkey. Mitteilung der Bayerischen Staatsslammlung für Pal？ontologie und Historische Geologie, 1991, 31 :107~123
[11]
4 渡部真人. 中国和其他全北界三趾马的头骨和头后骨骼形态比较. 古脊椎动物学报, 2011, 49 (3):322~347 Watabe M. Morphologic comparison of cranial and postcranial materials of Chinese and other Holarctic hipparionine horses. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 2011, 49 (3):322~347
[12]
5 Wolf D, Bernor R L, Hussain S T. Evolution, biostratigraphy and geochronology of Siwalik hipparionine horses. Palaeontographica, 2013, 300 :1~118
[13]
6 Zouhri S, Bensalmia A. Révision systématique des Hipparion sensu lato(Perissodactyla, Equidae)de l''Ancien Monde. Estudios Geologicos-Madrid, 2005, 61 :61~99
[14]
7 MacFadden B J, Skinner M F. Earliest Holarctic Hipparion, Cormohipparion goorisi n. sp.(Mammalia, Equidae), from the Barstovian(Medial Miocene)Texas Gulf Coastal Plain. Journal of Paleontology, 1981. 55 (3):619~627
[15]
8 MacFadden B J. Systematics and phylogeny of Hipparion, Neohipparion, Nannippus and Cormohipparion(Mammalia, Equidae)from the Miocene and Pliocene of the New World. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1984, 179 :1~195
[16]
9 Alberdi M T. A review of Old World hipparionine horses. In:Prothero D R, Schoch R M eds. The Evolution of Perissodactyls. New York:Oxford University Press, 1989. 234~261
[17]
10 MacFadden B J. Fossil Horses:Systematics, Paleobiology, and Evolution of the Family Equidae. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1992. 1~369
17 宗冠福, 潘悦荣, 姜 础等. 元谋盆地含古猿化石地层时代的初步划分. 人类学学报, 1991, 10 (2):155~166 Zong Guanfu, Pan Yuerong, Jiang Chu et al. Stratigraphic subdivision of hominoid fossil localities of Yuanmou, Yunnan. Acta Anthropology Sinica, 1991, 10 (2):155~166
[21]
18 Badgley C, Tauxe L, Bookstein F L. Estimating the error of age interpolation in sedimentary rocks. Nature, 1986, 319 :139~141
[22]
19 Garcés M, Cabrera L, Agustí J et al. Old World first appearance datum of "Hipparion" horses:Late Miocene large-mammal dispersal and global events. Geology, 1997, 25 (1):19~22
[23]
20 Flynn L J, Qi G Q. Age of the Lufeng, China, hominoid locality. Nature, 1982, 298 :746~747
[24]
21 Qi Guoqin, Dong Wei, Zheng Liang et al. Taxonomy, age and environment status of the Yuanmou hominoid. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2006, 51 (6):704~712
23 Bernor R L, Hussain S T. An assessment of the systematic, phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of Siwalik hipparionine horses. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 1985, 5 (1):32~87
[27]
24 MacFadden B J, Woodburne M O. Systematics of the Neogene Siwalik hipparions(Mammalia, Equidae)based on cranial and dental morphology. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 1982, 2 (2):185~218
[28]
25 Chen Shaokun, Deng Tao, Pang Libo. A juvenile skull of Ancylotherium(Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Chalicotheriidae)from the Pliocene of China. Geobios, 2012, 45 (6):527~534
[29]
26 Deng Tao, Qiu Zhanxiang, Wang Banyue et al. Late Cenozoic biostratigraphy of the Linxia Basin, Northwestern China. In:Wang Xiaoming, Flynn L J, Fortelius M eds. Fossil Mammals of Asia:Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology. New York:Columbia University Press, 2014. 243~273
[30]
27 Bernor Raymond L, 孙博阳. 中国的长鼻三趾马(Proboscidipparion)和近三趾马(Plesiohipparion)个体发育的形态学研究及其欧亚与非洲亲缘种的观察. 古脊椎动物学报, 2015, 53 (1):73~92 Bernor Raymond L, Sun Boyang. Morphology through ontogeny of Chinese Proboscidipparion and Plesiohipparion and observations on their Eurasian and African relatives. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 2015, 53 (1):73~92
[31]
28 Bernor R L, Armour-Chelu M, Gilbert H et al. Equidae. In:Werdelin L, Sanders B eds. Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. Berkeley:University of California Press, 2010. 685~721
[32]
29 Bernor R L, Harris J M. Systematics and evolutionary biology of the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene hipparionine horses from Lothagam, Kenya. In:Harris J M, Leakey M eds. Lothagam:The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa. New York:Columbia University Press, 2003. 387~438
[33]
30 Bernor R L, Scott R S. New interpretations of the systematics, biogeography and paleoecology of the Sahabi hipparions(Latest Miocene)(Libya). Geodiversitas, 2003, 25 (2):297~319
[34]
31 李凤麟, 厉大亮. 札达盆地最晚中新世的三趾马化石. 见: 杨遵仪, 聂泽同主编. 西藏阿里古生物. 武汉: 中国地质大学出版社, 1990. 228~229 Li Fenglin, Li Daliang. Latest Miocene Hipparion(Plesiohipparion)of Zanda basin. In:Yang Zunyi, Nie Zetong eds. Palaeontology of the Ngari Area, Tibet(Xizang). Wuhan:China University of Geoscience Press, 1990. 186~193
[35]
32 Barry J C, Morgan M E, Flynn L J et al. Faunal and environmental change in the Late Miocene Siwaliks of Northern Pakistan. Paleobiology, 2002, 28 (2):1~71
[36]
33 Biasatti D, Wang Yang, Gao Feng et al. Paleoecologies and paleoclimates of Late Cenozoic mammals from Southwest China:Evidence from stable carbon and oxygen isotopes. Journal of Asian Earth Science, 2012, 44 :48~61
[37]
34 Hussain S T. Revision of Hipparion (Equidae, Mammalia)from the Siwalik Hills of Pakistan and India. Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,1971, 147 :1~68
[38]
35 Sisson S. The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. Philadelphia:Saunders W B Comp., 1953. 1~972
[39]
36 Hussain S T. Evolutionary and functional anatomy of the pelvic limb in fossil and recent Equidae(Perissodactyla, Mammalia). Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia, 1975, 4 :179~192
[40]
37 K？nig H E, Liebich H-G主编; 陈耀星, 刘为民主译. 家畜兽医解剖学教程与彩色图谱(第三版). 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2009. 1~808 K？nig H E, Liebich H-G eds; Chen Yaoxing, Liu Weimin trans. Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals:Textbook and Colour Atlas(3rd Edition). Beijing:China Agricultural University Press, 2009. 1~808
[41]
38 Deng T, Li Q, Tseng Z J et al. Locomotive implication of a Pliocene three-toed horse skeleton from Tibet and its paleo-altimetry significance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012, 109 (19):7374~7378
[42]
39 Qiu Z X, Qiu Z D. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1995, 116 (1):41~70
41 Patnaik R. Indian Neogene Siwalik mammalian miostratigraphy:An overview. In:Wang Xiaoming, Flynn L J, Fortelius M eds. Fossil Mammals of Asia:Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology. New York:Columbia University Press, 2014. 423~444
[45]
42 邱铸鼎, 韩德芬, 祁国琴等. 禄丰古猿地点的小哺乳动物化石. 人类学学报, 1985, 4 (1):13~43 Qiu Zhuding, Han Defen, Qi Guoqin et al. A preliminary report on a micromammalian assemblage from the hominoid locality of Lufeng, Yunnan. Acta Anthropology Sinica, 1985, 4 (1):13~43
[46]
43 祁国琴. 禄丰古猿化石地点食肉目化石的初步整理. 人类学学报, 1985, 4 (1):33~43 Qi Guoqin. A preliminary report on Carnivora from the Ramapithecus locality, Lufeng, Yunnan. Acta Anthropology Sinica, 1985, 4 (1):33~43
[47]
44 韩德芬. 禄丰古猿化石地点偶蹄目化石初步研究. 人类学学报, 1985, 4 (1):44~54 Han Defen. The Artiodactyla of Ramapithecus site, Lufeng, Yunnan. Acta Anthropology Sinica, 1985, 4 (1):44~54
[48]
45 李 强. 内蒙古宝格达乌拉晚中新世副竹鼠化石. 古脊椎动物学报, 2010, 48 (1):48~62 Li Qiang. Pararhizomys(Rodentia, Mammalia)from the Late Miocene of Baogeda Ula, central Nei Mongol. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 2010, 48 (1):48~62
[49]
46 张培震, 郑德文, 尹功明等. 有关青藏高原东北缘晚新生代扩展与隆升的讨论. 第四纪研究, 2006, 26 (1):5~13 Zhang Peizhen, Zheng Dewen, Yin Gongming et al. Discussion on Late Cenozoic growth and rise of northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Quaternary Sciences, 2006, 26 (1):5~13
[50]
47 安芷生, 张培震, 王二七等. 中新世以来我国季风-干旱环境演化与青藏高原的生长. 第四纪研究, 2006, 26 (5):678~693 An Zhisheng, Zhang Peizhen, Wang Erchie et al. Changes of the monsoon-arid environment in China and growth of the Tibetan Plateau since the Miocene. Quaternary Sciences, 2006, 26 (5):678~693
[51]
48 程 捷, 刘学清, 高振纪等. 青藏高原隆升对云南高原环境的影响. 现代地质, 2001, 15 (3):290~296 Cheng Jie, Liu Xueqing, Gao Zhenji et al. Effect of the Tibetan Plateau uplifting on geological environment of the Yunnan Plateau. Geoscience, 2001, 15 (3):290~296
