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青海柴达木盆地新近纪河狸化石及其古环境意义

DOI: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2015.03.10, PP. 584-595

Keywords: 青藏高原,柴达木盆地,新近纪,河狸

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Abstract:

描述了2005年和2010年采自青海柴达木盆地中部地区大红沟背斜和东陵丘背斜的河狸科化石,其中大红沟的材料包括1件下颌、1件门齿和6枚零散颊齿,被归入中国北方中中新世常见的通古尔单沟河狸(Monosaulaxtungurensis);其牙齿尺寸较小,门齿的釉质层圆凸,表面光滑;颊齿齿冠低,前臼齿大于臼齿;颊齿的(下)次沟向下延伸几乎到达牙齿基部,所有褶沟均填充白垩质;P4的前沟明显深于中沟和后沟;无次生的小坑发育。东陵丘的材料仅有1枚上臼齿,尺寸较大,冠面仅具4条褶(沟),褶沟有厚实的白垩质填充,次沟向下延伸近至齿根,唇侧沟深浅不一,被归入上新世早期的安氏河狸(Castoranderssoni)。河狸科多营半水栖生活,生活于林地的湖或河流边,具有非常强的环境指示意义。柴达木盆地内新近纪河狸科化石的发现,进一步证明在中中新世和上新世早期,盆地的中部地区仍存在较大的水体和较多的林木。

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