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西南印度洋构造地貌与构造过程

, PP. 15-29

Keywords: 西南印度洋,转换断层,分段性,构造地貌,断层组合

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Abstract:

本文基于海底水深数据,制定了西南印度洋超慢速扩张脊新的海底构造地貌划分原则,将西南印度洋划分为7级构造地貌单元;并以该洋中脊中段的DiscoveryII和Gallieni转换断层之间及其邻区的海底构造地貌特征为依据,将其与该区断裂演化、分段性、分段拓展机制、中央裂谷形成过程、脊?柱相互作用和洋中脊跃迁进行综合分析。结果表明,该区洋中脊可以划分为4个三级构造地貌单元(即洋中脊的一级分段),从西向东被AndrewBain和PrinceEdwards、DiscoveryII以及Gallieni转换断层依次分割,分别反映为强热点?洋中脊相互作用的扩张脊、弱热点?洋中脊相互作用的扩张脊和正常超慢速扩张脊的地貌类型。每个三级分段可进一步划分为3~4个四级分段,本文仅侧重DiscoveryII和Gallieni转换断层间洋中脊四到七级的4个级别分段划分(即洋中脊的四级构造地貌单元再划分为3级)。其中,第七级构造地貌单元分别为侧列式裂谷(剪切带)、雁列式裂谷、横断层带等构造分割。该段洋中脊先后受Marion、Crozet、Madagascar等热点或海台的影响,经历了3次洋中脊跃迁,时间大致分别为80Ma,60Ma和40Ma,该过程与冈瓦纳大陆裂解以来的大洋演化有关。最后,本文详细分析了20Ma以来的西南印度洋洋中脊轴部的周期性拉分式断陷、多米诺式箕状断陷、地堑式断陷和海洋核杂岩等构造过程。

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