The new epigenetic elements 5-hydroxymethyl-dC, 5-formyl-dC, and 5-car- boxy-dC may be considered as intermediates of an
active demethylation process. A comprehensive mechanistic modelis given for the C-C bond cleavage focused on the
chemistry within the DNA duplex structure. In addition we register spin-off
chemistry of this process in evaluating newduplex systems closely related to natural DNA and
RNAconcerning their hydrogen-bond symmetrization. A
model iscomposed for a base-specific inhibition of G and C
on the DNA and RNA level. C-G combinations are of general importance in
controlling the dynamics of gene expression. In some way the suggested model
systems are related to antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs).
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