对我国8省市区义务教育阶段学生技术素养的调查与研究

摘要 在现代社会，技术素养已经成为人们赖以生存和发展的必备条件。国际上许多国家都建立了K-12技术教育体系，以培养学生的技术素养和应对以技术为主导的未来世界的挑战。本研究利用问卷调查法对全国8省市区抽样的多所小学和初中学生进行技术素养的调查，运用SPSS 21.0软件进行数据统计与分析。调查统计结果表明，我国义务教育阶段学生对技术的认识具有一定的具象性，局限于技术的人工物的认识维度；技术情感较为积极，主动运用与学习技术的意愿强烈；参与技术活动的频率低，进入技术场所学习和体验的机会少；职业理想较多元，但技术工程类职业理想所占比重较小、女生比重更小；信息与通信技术知识的掌握程度高于其他技术类知识，但与生活紧密联系的农业及相关生物技术、交通运输技术、建筑技术等领域知识掌握明显不够；技术能力普遍薄弱，存在结构性缺陷。总体而言，当今我国义务教育阶段学生技术素养与以技术为主导的社会发展的需求存在落差，与人的全面发展的教育目标存在落差。为了提高九年义务教育阶段学生的技术素养，我们建议从树立"建设技术强国从娃娃抓起"的理念入手，开设技术课程，做好技术素养的启蒙教育和培养，加强技术教育内容与其他学科的有机渗透等，确实提高学生的技术素养。
Abstract：In modern society, many countries have established their K-12 technology education system to cultivate students' technological literacy. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the status quo of students' technological literacy in primary and secondary schools from eight provinces in China. SPSS 21.0 software was used for data statistics and analysis. The survey shows that the Chinese students' technological literacy in compulsory education is not satisfactory. For example, students' understanding of technology has a certain degree of concreteness; students have few opportunities to enter technical places and their technical ability is generally weak. This means students' technological literacy falls behind the technology-oriented social development and educational development. Based on the international experience of technology education in primary and secondary schools, this paper suggests that the concept of "building a strong technological country from a baby" be established; technical course be offered to promote technological literacy; and the integration of technical courses with other subjects be strengthened.