工会的“收入溢价”效应研究——基于中国流动人口动态监测数据的分析
The Analysis of the "Income Premium" Effect of Labor Union Based on the National Dynamic Monitoring Data of Migrant Population

基于中国流动人口动态监测数据（2014），实证分析流动人口工会的“收入溢价”效应。研究发现：工会能显著提升流动人口的收入，但工会的“收入溢价”效应具有异质性，城城流动人口高于乡城流动人口、签订合同者高于未签订合同者，个体私营企业的表现要优于国有集体企业和外资企业；分位数回归结果显示，随着分位数水平的上升，流动人口工会的收入效应呈倒“U”型，对中等收入者的作用最大，其次是低收入者，对高收入者的作用最小；采用倾向得分匹配法解决自选择问题，发现我国流动人口仍存在明显的工会“收入溢价”效应。
Based on the dynamic monitoring data of China's migrant population (2014), an empirical analysis of the "income premium" effect of labor union on migrant population is made. The study finds that labor union can significantly increase the income of the migrant population. However, the "income premium" effect of labor union is obviously heterogeneous. The urban migrant population is higher than the rural migrant population, and the contract signing ratio is higher than those who have not signed a contract, and private companies outperforms state-owned collective enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises. The quantile regression results show that with the rise of the quantile level, the union's income effect on migrant population showed an inverted "U" type. The effect on middle income people is greatest, followed by the low income people, and that of the high income people was the least. The propensity score matching method is used to solve the sample self-selection problem, and finds that the migrant population in China does have obvious an "income premium" effect.