粗粒沉积及其储层表征的发展历程与热点问题探讨*
Coarse-grained deposits and their reservoir characterizations: A look back to see forward and hot issues

随着全球化石能源消费的不断增长,常规砂岩与碳酸盐岩大中型油气田的勘探举步维艰,砂砾岩这种粗粒沉积的特殊油气藏再次走进勘探家的视野。近年来,中国砂砾岩储集层展现出巨大的油气潜力,尤其是新疆准噶尔盆地玛湖大型砾岩油藏的发现,亟待开展针对性的研究。作者梳理了全球粗粒沉积研究的发展历程,将其划分为: 概念形成的萌芽(1885—1947)、成因分析的快速发展(1948—1987)以及理论形成的工业应用(1988至今)3个主要阶段,每个阶段均表现为科学家对粗粒沉积的热点与瓶颈问题进行了聚焦分析与探讨,由实际现象或油气田的发现引发出问题,开展成因探讨,形成理论后再指导实践的科学发展过程。综合每个阶段的研究主题以及代表性文章和事件,并结合作者长期研究过程中的思考,提出了当前粗粒沉积所面临的关键性热点问题与今后研究方向的建议,主要包括: 古地形特征与坡度、沉积成因机制、相带与微相划分、水槽模拟实验、砾岩成岩作用、测井解释瓶颈、地震处理与解释以及定量地质知识库建立的需求等。

With increasing of the global energy consumption,exploration of medium- to large-sized oil and gas fields in conventional sandstone and carbonate rocks has encountered significant difficulties. The special coarse-grained reservoirs of conglomerates gradually entered the view of exploration geologists. Discovery of the large-scale,conglomeratic reservoirs in the Mahu area,Xinjiang, proved the enormous oil and gas potential,which indicates urgent,aimed research on it. Looking back on the development history of coarse-grained sedimentation,it has gone through three main stages: Initial stage of concept formation(1885-1947), rapid development stage of genetic analysis(1948-1987),and application stage of theoretical perfection(1988-present). Each stage was characterized by scientists from all over the world focused on analyzing and discussing hot spots and bottlenecks in coarse-grained deposits,which experienced scientific development processes including genetic discussions on practical phenomenon or issues induced by discovery of oil and gas fields,theory formation,and practice guiding. These academic events and cognitions provided a good example and foundation for the later researches. Based on literature reviewing of research topics,representative scientists,and events during each stage,as well as authors' thought from the long-term,comprehensive research,this paper proposed the key issues for coarse-grained sediments and suggestions for future research,including paleo-topography and slope gradients,sedimentary genetic mechanisms,facies and microfacies subdivision,flume experiments,conglomerate diagenesis,logging interpretation,seismic processing and interpretation,and quantitative data base.