虾应对感染的先天免疫反应研究进展
Recent advances in study of immune response of shrimp to pathogen infection:a review

作为一类重要的无脊椎动物，由于缺少基于“抗体-抗原识别”的特异性免疫机制，虾、蟹等无脊椎动物仅依赖种系基因编码的“模式识别受体”以及相关的免疫调控系统来抵御病原侵袭。以虾、蟹为模型，研究甲壳动物的先天免疫应答机制，不仅可以增补先天免疫知识体系，同时可以为虾蟹病害防控提供有效的理论支撑。本文总结了近年来虾类先天免疫的研究成果，从免疫识别、信号转导、效应分子三个方面简述了目前的研究进展，尤其是对湖北省名特水产品克氏原螯虾(俗称小龙虾)的抗病机制和免疫应答反应作了详细的描述。
With the improvement of living standards,people’s demand for aquatic crustacean products such as shrimp and crab is increasing day by day,and the shrimp and crab breeding industry has made great progress recently.At the same time,due to frequent outburst of diseases,shrimp farming industry loses tens of billions of dollars every year.Immune system in vertebrates consists of innate immunity and adaptive immunity,but lack specific adaptive immunity,therefore,vertebrates mainly depend on innate immunity to defend themselves against pathogen invasion.As an important class of invertebrates,shrimp has been found to advance rapidly in the research of innate immunity in the past decade,and shrimp antiviral (especially anti-WSSV immunity) research has made considerable progress.There is no effective platforms,such as cell line and recognized model organism for shrimp and other crustaceans.However,there are still some studies using shrimp or crab as models to study the innate immune response mechanism of crustaceans,which can not only enrich the knowledge of innate immune mechanism,but also provide effective theoretical support for the disease prevention and control of crustaceans.This paper summarizes the research results of innate immunity of shrimps in recent years,and the current research progress in immune recognition,signal transduction,immune defense and so on.Especially,the mechanism of disease resistance of crayfish,a famous and special product in Hubei Province,is described in detail