Increased population exposure to precipitation extremes in China under global warming scenarios

ABSTRACT Precipitation extremes are among the most dangerous climate-related hazards over China, and they are expected to significantly increase in the future in both frequency and intensity. Exposure to precipitation extremes and changes therein are determined by extreme events and the corresponding population changes. Here, the authors analyze the changing population exposure across China in the future using ensembles of high-resolution simulations with RegCM4 and population scenarios. The authors find that aggregate exposure over China increases by nearly 21.6% under the RCP4.5-SSP2 scenario by the end of this century, although populations are projected to decrease. East China will experience the largest absolute increase in exposure from 424 million person-events to 546 million person-events, while the Tibetan Plateau region will experience the largest relative increase of nearly 44.4%. This increase in exposure mainly results from the climate effect contribution. Further assessments indicate that the exposure increase over China does not rely on the greenhouse gas emissions and population growth scenarios, but the higher emissions scenario generally leads to higher exposure regardless of population growth, highlighting the efficacy of mitigation efforts in reducing exposure to precipitation extremes. Graphical Abstrac