The Discussions Of The Khalqu’l-Qur’an In The Politicization Process

In the history of mankind, God has addressed to mankind through the divine books which He has sent through His prophets from time to time. Mankind has always wondered about the nature of the books bearing this address. As a matter of fact, their reflection can be seen in Jewish and Christian societies. In the same way, this curiosity is felt in the Islamic society. In this frame, Muslims have debated whether or not the Qur'an was created as a creature (Khalqu'l-Qur'an) at certain periods of history, and the extent of these debates reached even the dimensions that could affect the masses of society. It is known that the discussions taking place around the Khalqu'l-Qur'an have come to the fore especially during the Umayyad and Abbasid periods. In this respect, it is important to investigate the social reasons of the discussion in these periods and societies in order to reach correct results. As a matter of fact, Arap-Mavali relation which forms the social doctrine of Arap society in particular and the social class struggle in this context are remarkable. In this context, it can be argued that the social class-based struggle continued its existence by evolving through an argumentation of the Quran on the controversies of the Quran in certain sections of history, mainly conjunctural reasons. As a matter of fact, it is striking that the members of Mu'tazilah and Murji’ah, who expressed and defended the view that the Qur'an is a creature, and the ones who advocated more are based on the Arab masses of the Qur'an, and the social class struggle in the background of the debate. It is known that during the Abbasids period, this debate was brought to the agenda by Bishr al-Marisi during the reign of Harun Rashid, but the Caliph threatened him by reacting to this debate. For this reason, Bishr could not show the courage to appear around during his sovereignity and he had to hide for about 20 years. The process of moving the debate of Khalqu'l-Qur'an to the social strata and the process of politicization corresponds to the period of the Caliphate of Ma’mun. The reasons for this should be sought in the socio-political structure of the period in which Ma’mun came to the scribe. As a matter of fact, it is known that the social and political structure started to show differentiation to the caliphs of the earlier caliphs, and that in this context, the polarizations were felt in the society and sociological structures with the potential to threaten the central authority began to be seen in the society. Under these circumstances, it is the priority of the Caliph Ma’mun as