Papillary thyroid carcinoma after radioactive iodine treatment for toxic thyroid nodule: Case report

Radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment is recommended as the first choice for toxic thyroid nodules by American Thyroid Association (ATA). Here, we present our second case of papillary thyroid carcinoma after RAI therapy. A fifty fiveyear-old woman received RAI therapy for toxic thyroid nodule in the right lobe in 2005. Pre-treatment fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) revealed benign cytology. She was euthyroid after the therapy. However, 8 years after the treatment she had 15 mm thyroid nodule in the same location. This time, FNAB result was suspected for papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient underwent bilateral total thyroidectomy and the histopathological evaluation revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma in the nodule. This is the second case with papillary carcinoma after RAI therapy. Papillary carcinoma developed after the RAI therapy. In conclusion, all cases should be closely followed up after RAI therapy for carcinoma development