This study was aimed at evaluating safety culture in 20 chemical analytical laboratories in Oghara and Warri, Delta state. This was achieved through a determination of the safety performance between tertiary education chemical laboratories and industrial laboratories, private and government-owned laboratories, and technical and non-technical labs. The method employed in carrying out this study was the use of a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and?a standard checklist. Comparison done between private and government-owned laboratories using t-test showed that safety culture of private-owned?laboratories, irrespective of whether industrial or tertiary education, were more significant (P < 0.05) than that of government-owned laboratories. Analysis of t-test for the survey indicated no significant difference between tertiary education and industrial laboratories (P > 0.05), with a mean value of 3.69798 for tertiary education laboratories and 3.62842 for industrial laboratories. Analysis of t-test also indicated P < 0.05 for technical (M = 75.00) and non-technical (M = 56.11) tertiary education laboratories. However, further t-test analysis indicated that there is a significant difference between safety performance in tertiary education laboratories and industrial laboratories (P < 0.05). The conclusion is that tertiary education chemical analytical laboratories have a high level of safety culture with an overall mean of 67.90 than industrial chemical analytical laboratories with an overall mean of 54.50. It is recommended that laboratories should establish an internal review process of incidents and corrective actions with the departmental safety committee and provide periodic safety seminars on lessons learned from incidents. A strong and effective safety management system should also be implemented in all analytical laboratories.
References
[1]
International Atomic Energy Agency (2011) Regulatory Oversight of Safety Culture in Nuclear Installations. TECDOC DD1070.
[2]
International Atomic Energy Agency (1991) Safety Cultures [Safety Series No. 75-INSAG-4]. A Report, the International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group, Vienna.
Schobel, M., Lostermann, A., Lasalle, R., Beck, J. and Manzey, D. (2017) Digging Deeper! Insights from Multi-Method Assessment of Safety Culture in Nuclear Power Plant Based on Schein’s Culture Model. Safety Science, 95, 38-49.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.01.012
[5]
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (2015) OSHA Publications on Laboratory Safety. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
http://www.osha.gov/pls/publications/publication.athruz?pType=industry&pID=117
[6]
University of South Florida (2019) Laboratory Safety Rules, Procedures and Practices.
https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/chemistry/documents/laboratory-safety-rules-and-agreementv.sp2019.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjP1IaE96_iAhUaThUIHcooA9EQFjAAegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw3z1npxpYHGJh6xeHN4O3hK
[7]
Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA (2014) Bloodborne Pathogens 2014.
https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10051
[8]
Ayi, H. and Hon, C. (2018) Safety Culture and Safety Compliance in Academic Laboratories: A Canadian Perspective. Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, 25, 6-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2018.05.002
[9]
Lee, T.R., MacDonald, S.M. and Coote, J. (2017) Perceptions of Risk and Attitudes to Safety at a Nuclear Processing Plant. In: 4th Conference on European Technology and Experience in Safety Analysis and Risk Management, Society for Risk Assessment (Europe), Rome.
[10]
Antonsen, S., Nilsen, M. and Almklov, P.G. (2017) Regulating the Intangible. Searching for Safety Culture in the Norwegian Petroleum Industry. Safety Science, 92, 232-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.10.013
[11]
Antonsen, S. (2009) Safety Culture: Theory, Method and Improvement. Ashgate Publishing, Farnham.
[12]
Cornell, E.H.S. (2018) Laboratory Safety Manual and Chemical Hygiene Plan. Laboratory and Research Safety, Cornell University, Ithaca, 7-9.
http://sp.ehs.cornell.edu/lab-research-safety/laboratory-safety-manual/pages/ch8.aspx
[13]
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2014) Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories.
http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/index.htm
[14]
University of Alberta, Environment Health and Safety (2019) Hazard Management.
http://www.ualberta.ca/environment-health-safety/hazardmanagement/what-are-hazards/ergonomicse-mynt
[15]
The University of Chicago (2016) Environmental Health and Safety “Ergonomics”.
[16]
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2018) Promoting Productive Workplace through Safety and Health Research. NIOSH Publications and Products.
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/surveyreports
[17]
Warszawska, K. and Kraslawski, A. (2016) Method for Quantitative Assessment of Safety Culture. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 42, 27-34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2015.09.005
[18]
Do-Nascimento, C.S., Andrade, D.A. and De Mesquita, R.N. (2017) Psychometric Model for Safety Culture Assessment in Nuclear Research Facilities. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 314, 227-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.01.022
[19]
Agaja, S.A. (2012) Appraisal of Safety Climate in Government and Private Analytical Laboratories in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 1, 34-35.
[20]
Imke, S., Huang, D.Y.Q., Ellis, O., Gibson, J.H. and Wayne, N.L. (2016) Laboratory Safety Attitudes and Practices: A Comparison of Academic, Government, and Industry Researchers. Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, 23, 12-23.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273833894
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2015.03.001
[21]
National Research Council (2011) Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Management of Chemical Hazards. National Academies Press, Washington DC, 17-18.
[22]
Rachel, H. (2016) The Importance of a Positive Health and Safety Culture.
https://www.proaktive.co.uk/blog/the-importance-of-a-positive-health-and-safety-culture
[23]
New South Wales Government (2018) Safety Culture Survey: Questionnaire NSW.
https://www.health.nsw.gov.au
[24]
Flin, R., Mearns, K. and Burns, C. (2004) Hospital Safety Climate Scale. University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen.
[25]
Guldenmund, W.F. (2007) The Use of Questionnaires in Safety Culture Research— An Evaluation. Journal of Safety Science, 45, 723-743.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2007.04.006
[26]
European Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2010) European Agency for Safety and Health at Work.
https://osha.europa.eu/en/toolsandpublications/publications/reports/culture_assessment_soar
[27]
Gibson, J.H., Schroder, I. and Wayne, N.L. (2014) A Research University’s Rapid Response to a Fatal Chemistry Accident: Safety Changes and Outcomes. Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, 21, 18-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2014.01.003
[28]
International Organization for Standardization (2018) ISO 45001—Occupational Health and Safety.
https://www.iso.org/iso-45001-occupational-health-and-safety.html