Background: Schizophrenia is a multifactorial two-faced disease with the cognitive impairment being the core of both positive and negative group of symptoms. It is characterized by abnormal behavior, strange speech (word salad) and a decreased ability to understand reality. Methods: Using literature review, author’s own experience and reflections about the subject, schizophrenia is explained and conceptualized from both medical and philosophical perspective. Conclusion: Schizophrenia is a serious illness, treatment of which remains a challenge. Many factors may contribute to the development of schizophrenia including (neuro) immune system dysregulation, genetic susceptibility, pregnancy and birth complications, childhood trauma, social isolation, substance abuse, and many others. Multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of schizophrenia should be preferred and may include, except for psychopharmacology and psychotherapy (psychiatrist, clinical psychologist), nutritional advice (clinical nutritionist), spiritual support (for religious individuals and in the case of religious delusions being present), social support (social worker), cognitive therapy, art and work therapy.
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