Stop frequency prediction model is one of the components of the
activity-based travel demand models. Most of the previous studies have
considered stops during commutes regardless
of their purposes. This approach does not yield the contribution of the
explanatory variables to the likelihood of making stops of different purposes.
Besides, most of the former studies have been conducted in larger metropolitan
areas. This study attempts to cover these gaps by using 2012 travel data of
Fargo-Moorhead medium-sized US metropolitan area and classifying stops on work
tours into escort, non-escort, and a combination of all stops. The results of
logit models indicate that personal characteristics of the commuters do not
contribute to the escort stop participation likelihood. In addition, household
size variables have a large impact on the likelihood of participating in escort
stops and participating in the combined stops on the outbound leg of the
commutes. Contrary to several previous studies, the significance and sign of
the coefficient of income level vary for different
stop purposes. Commuters seemed to be more likely to make more than one non-escort stop close to their
workplace on the outbound legs of their commutes. The general results
suggest separating the stop purposes yields more illustrative results rather
than using one model for the combined stops.
References
[1]
Bhat, C., & Singh, S. (2000). A Comprehensive Daily Activity-Travel Generation Model System for Workers. Transportation Research Part A, 34, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-8564(98)00037-8
[2]
Cao, X., Mokhtarian, P., & Handy, S. (2008). Differentiating the Influence of Accessibility, Attitudes, and Demographics on Stop Participation and Frequency during the Evening Commute. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 35, 431-442. https://doi.org/10.1068/b32056
[3]
Castiglione, J., Bradley, M., & Gliebe, J. (2015). Activity-Based Travel Demand Models: A Primer. Transportation Research Board. https://doi.org/10.17226/22357
[4]
Cheng, L., Chen, X., & Yang, S. (2016). An Exploration of the Relationships between Socioeconomics, Land Use and Daily Trip Chain Pattern among Low-Income Residents. Transportation Planning and Technology, 39, 358-369. https://doi.org/10.1080/03081060.2016.1160579
[5]
Chowdhury, T., & Scott, D. (2018). Role of the Built Environment on Trip-Chaining Behavior: An Investigation of Workers and Non-Workers in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Transportation, 47, 737-761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-018-9914-3
[6]
Chu, Y.-L. (2003). Empirical Analysis of Commute Stop-Making Behavior. Transportation Research Record, 1831, 106-113. https://doi.org/10.3141/1831-12
[7]
Chu, Y.-L. (2004). Daily Stop-Making Model for Workers. Transportation Research Record, 1894, 37-45. https://doi.org/10.3141/1894-05
[8]
Chu, Y.-L. (2005). Modeling Workers’ Daily Nonwork Activity Participation and Duration. Transportation Research Record, 1926, 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192600102
[9]
Chu, Y.-L. (2022). A Copula-Based Approach to Accommodate Intra-Household Interaction in Workers’ Daily Maintenance Activity Stop Generation Modeling. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 9, 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2021.07.001
[10]
Commission, A. R. (2012). Activity-Based Travel Model Specifications: Coordinated Travel-Regional Activity Based Modeling Platform (CT-RAMP) for the Atlanta Region.
[11]
Currie, G., & Delbosc, A. (2011). Exploring the Trip Chaining Behaviour of Public Transport Users in Melbourne. Transport Policy, 18, 204-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2010.08.003
[12]
Daisy, N. (2018). http://dalspace.library.dal.ca/bitstream/handle/10222/73815/Daisy-Naznin_Sultana-PhD-CIVIL-March-2018.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
[13]
Daisy, N., Liu, L., & Millward, H. (2018). Trip Chaining Propensity and Tour Mode Choice of Out of Home Workers: Evidence from a Mid-Sized Canadian City. Transportation, 47, 763-792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-018-9915-2
[14]
Daisy, N., Millward, H., & Liu, L. (2018). Trip Chaining and Tour Mode Choice of Non-Workers Grouped by Daily Activity Patterns. Journal of Transport Geography, 69, 150-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.04.016
[15]
Garikapati, V. (2014). A Tour Level Stop Scheduling Framework and a Vehicle Type Choice Model System for Activity Based Travel Forecasting. https://keep.lib.asu.edu/_flysystem/fedora/c7/124407/Garikapati_asu_0010E_14444.pdf
[16]
Garus, A., Alonso, B., Raposo, M., Ciuffo, B., & dell’Olio, L. (2022). Impact of New Mobility Solutions on Travel Behaviour and Its Incorporation into Travel Demand Models. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2022, Article ID: 7293909. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7293909
[17]
Hatcher, G., & Mahmassani, H. (1992). Daily Variability of Route and Trip Scheduling Decisions for the Evening Commute. Transportation Research Record, 1357, 72-81.
[18]
He, S. (2013). Will You Escort Your Child to School? The Effect of Spatial and Temporal Constraints of Parental Employment. Applied Geography, 42, 116-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.05.003
[19]
He, S., & Giuliano, G. (2017). Factors Affecting Children’s Journeys to School: A Joint Escort-Mode Choice Model. Transportation, 44, 199-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-015-9634-x
[20]
Kitamura, R., & Susilo, Y. (2006). Does a Grande Latte Really Stir Up Gridlock? Stops in Commute Journeys and Incremental Travel. Transportation Research Record, 1985, 198-206. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198106198500122
[21]
Kun, L., Zhicai, J., & Jie, T. (2009). Empirical Analysis of Commuter Stop-Making Behavior Based on Ordered Porbit Model. In International Conference on Electronic Commerce and Business Intelligence (pp. 423-426). The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBI.2009.69
[22]
Liu, H. (2013). What Affects the Number of Non-Work Stops Made During Commute Tours? A Study Based on the 2009 US National Household Travel Survey in Large Metropolitan Areas. University of California Los Angeles.
[23]
Noland, R., & Thomas, J. (2007). Multivariate Analysis of Trip-Chaining Behavior. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 34, 953-970. https://doi.org/10.1068/b32120
[24]
Paleti, R., Pendyala, R., Bhat, C., & Konduri, K. (2011). A Joint Tour-Based Model of Tour Complexity, Passenger Accompaniment, Vehicle Type Choice, and Tour Length. https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/21085/Bhat_JointTourAttributes.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
[25]
Pereira, A., Dingil, A., Pribyl, O., Myška, V., Vorel, J., & Kríž, M. (2022). An Advanced Travel Demand Synthesis Process for Creating a MATSim Activity Model: The Case of ústí nad Labem. Applied Sciences, 12, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/app121910032
[26]
Primerano, F., Taylor, M., Pitaksringkarn, L., & Tisato, P. (2008). Defining and Understanding Trip Chaining Behaviour. Transportation, 35, 55-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-007-9134-8
[27]
Scheiner, J., & Holz-Rau, C. (2017). Women’s Complex Daily Lives: A Gendered Look at Trip Chaining and Activity Pattern Entropy in Germany. Transportation, 44, 117-138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-015-9627-9
[28]
Schmocker, J.-D., Su, F., & Noland, R. (2010). An Analysis of Trip Chaining among Older London Residents. Transportation, 37, 105-123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-009-9222-z
[29]
Schneider, F., Ton, D., Zomer, L. B., Daamen, W., Duives, D., Hoogendoorn Lanser, S., & Hoogendoorn, S. (2021). Trip Chain Complexity: A Comparison among Latent Classes of Daily Mobility Patterns. Transportation, 48, 953-975. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-020-10084-1
[30]
Shi, X. (2017). Tour Complexity, Variability, and Pattern Using Longitudinal GPS Data.
[31]
Thakuriah, P., & Liao, Y. (2005). Analysis of Variations in Vehicle Ownership Expenditures. Transportation Research Record, 1926, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192600101
[32]
Toh, F., Angwafo, T., Ndam, L., & Antoine, M. (2018). The Socio-Economic Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Change on the Inhabitants of Mount Bambouto Caldera of the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Advances in Remote Sensing, 7, 25-45. https://doi.org/10.4236/ars.2018.71003
[33]
Train, K. (2009). Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation (2nd ed.). Cambridge University.
[34]
Verma, A., Verma, M., Sarangi, P., Yadav, V., & M, M. (2021). Activity Participation, Episode Duration and Stop-Making Behavior of Pilgrims in a Religious Event: An Exploratory Analysis. Journal of Choice Modelling, 38, Article ID: 100267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocm.2021.100267
[35]
Wang, R. (2015). The Stops Made by Commuters: Evidence from the 2009 US National Household Travel Survey. Journal of Transport Geography, 47, 109-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.11.005
[36]
Wen, C.-H., & Koppelman, F. (1999). Integrated Model System of Stop Generation and Tour Formation for Analysis of Activity and Travel Patterns. Transportation Research Record, 1676, 136-144. https://doi.org/10.3141/1676-17
[37]
Wu, Z., & Ye, X. (2008). Joint Modeling Analysis of Trip-Chaining Behavior on Round-Trip Commute in the Context of Xiamen, China. Transportation Research Record, 2076, 62-69. https://doi.org/10.3141/2076-07
[38]
Xianyu, J. (2013). An Exploration of the Interdependencies between Trip Chaining Behavior and Travel Mode Choice. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 96, 1967-1975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.222
[39]
Xian-Yu, J.-C., Juan, Z.-C., Gao, L.-J., Ni, A.-N., Zhang, W., & Wu, B. (2011). Empirical Analysis of Commuters’ Nonwork Stop-Making Behavior in Beijing, China. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 137, 360-369. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000228
[40]
Yang, L., Hu, L., & Wang, Z. (2018). The Built Environment and Trip Chaining Behaviour Revisited: The Joint Effects of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem and Tour Purpose. Urban Studies, 56, 795-817. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098017749188
[41]
Yang, M., Wang, W., Chen, X., Wan, T., & Xu, R. (2007). Empirical Analysis of Commute Trip Chaining Case Study of Shangyu, China. Transportation Research Record, 2038, 139-147. https://doi.org/10.3141/2038-18
[42]
Ye, X., Pendyala, R., & Gottardi, G. (2007). An Exploration of the Relationship between Mode Choice and Complexity of Trip Chaining Patterns. Transportation Research Part B, 41, 96-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2006.03.004
[43]
Zhu, P., & Guo, Y. (2022). Telecommuting and Trip Chaining: Pre-Pandemic Patterns and Implications for the Post-Pandemic World. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 113, Article ID: 103524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103524