Objective: To
investigate the clinicopathologic features of differentiated thyroid carcinoma
in children and adolescents. Methods: The
clinical data of 7 children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid
carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinicopathologic features of
differentiated thyroid carcinoma were analyzed by gender, tumor size and BRAF
mutation. Results: There were 7 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma. The
mean age of patients was (18.71 ± 2.75), and the mean tumor diameter was (2.4 ±
1.04) cm. Lymph node metastasis rate was 100% (7/7). In children and
adolescents, the lesion volume was larger, membrane invasion and vascular
cancer thrombus were more likely to occur, BRAF mutation was less common, and
the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Children
and adolescents with differentiated thyroid carcinoma are more aggressive and
prone to membrane invasion and lymph node metastasis; BRAF mutation is less
common than in adults.
References
[1]
Josefson, J. and Zimmerman, D (2008) Thyroid Nodules and Cancers in Children. Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews, 6, 14-23.
[2]
Vaisman, F., Bulzico, D.A., Pessoa, C.H., Bordallo, M.A., Mendonça, U.B., Dias, F.L., Coeli, C.M., Corbo, R. and Vaisman, M. (2011) Prognostic Factors of a Good Response to Initial Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 66, 281-286.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-59322011000200017
[3]
Hogan, A.R., Zhuge, Y., Perez, E.A., Koniaris, L.G., Lew, J.I. and Sola, J.E. (2009) Pediatric Thyroid Carcinoma: Incidence and Outcomes in 1753 Patients. The Journal of Surgical Research, 156, 167-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2009.03.098
[4]
Leboulleux, S., Baudin, E., Hartl, D.W., Travagli, J.P. and Schlumberger, M. (2005) Follicular Cell-Derived Thyroid Cancer in Children. Hormone Research, 63, 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1159/000084717
[5]
Catelinois, O., Verger, P., Colonna, M., Rogel, A., Hemon, D. and Tirmarche, M. (2004) Projecting the Time Trend of Thyroid Cancers: Its Impact on Assessment of Radiation-Induced Cancer Risks. Health Physics, 87, 606-614.
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HP.0000138587.93203.c5
[6]
Okada, T., Sasaki, F., Takahashi, H., Taguchi, K., Takahashi, M., Watanabe, K., Itoh, T., Ota, S. and Todo, S. (2006) Management of Childhood and Adolescent Thyroid Carcinoma: Long-Term Follow-Up and Clinical Characteristics. European Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 16, 8-13. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-923795
[7]
Farahati, J., Bucsky, P., Parlowsky, T., Mäder, U. and Reiners, C. (1997) Characteristics of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in Children and Adolescents with Respect to Age, Gender, and Histology. Cancer, 80, 2156-2162.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19971201)80:11<2156::AID-CNCR16>3.0.CO;2-Y
[8]
Alzahrani, A.S., Murugan, A.K., Qasem, E., Alswailem, M., Al-Hindi, H. and Shi, Y. (2017) Single Point Mutations in Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid, 27, 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2016.0339
[9]
Pekova, B., Sykorova, V., Dvorakova, S., Vaclavikova, E., Moravcova, J., Katra, R., Astl, J., Vlcek, P., Kodetova, D., Vcelak, J., et al. (2020) RET, NTRK, ALK, BRAF, and MET Fusions in a Large Cohort of Pediatric Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas. Thyroid, 30, 1771-1780. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2019.0802
[10]
Zurnadzhy, L., Bogdanova, T., Rogounovitch, T.I., Ito, M., Tronko, M., Yamashita, S., Mitsutake, N., Chernyshov, S., Masiuk, S. and Saenko, V.A. (2021) The BRAFV600E Mutation Is Not a Risk Factor for More Aggressive Tumor Behavior in Radiogenic and Sporadic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma at a Young Age. Cancers, 13, Article 6038. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13236038
[11]
Alzahrani, A.S., Alswailem, M., Alswailem, A.A., Al-Hindi, H., Goljan, E., Alsudairy, N. and Abouelhoda, M. (2020) Genetic Alterations in Pediatric Thyroid Cancer Using a Comprehensive Childhood Cancer Gene Panel. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 105, 3324-3334.
https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa389
[12]
Franco, A.T., Ricarte-Filho, J.C., Isaza, A., Jones, Z., Jain, N., Mostoufi-Moab, S., Surrey, L., Laetsch, T.W., Li, M.M., DeHart, J.C., et al. (2022) Fusion Oncogenes Are Associated with Increased Metastatic Capacity and Persistent Disease in Pediatric Thyroid Cancers. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 40, 1081-1090.
https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.21.01861
[13]
Romei, C., Ciampi, R. and Elisei, R. (2016) A Comprehensive Overview of the Role of the RET Proto-Oncogene in Thyroid Carcinoma. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 12, 192-202. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2016.11
[14]
Zhao, X., Kotch, C., Fox, E., Surrey, L.F., Wertheim, G.B., Baloch, Z.W., Lin, F., Pillai, V., Luo, M., Kreiger, P.A., et al. (2021) NTRK Fusions Identified in Pediatric Tumors: The Frequency, Fusion Partners, and Clinical Outcome. JCO Precision Oncology, 5, 204-214. https://doi.org/10.1200/PO.20.00250
