Magnesium deficiency is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). When adequate magnesium supplementation is chronically given, patients with type 2 DM appear to have improved glucose control and may have delayed chronic complications. In addition, magnesium supplementation may slow the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and decrease the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with type 2 DM. Keeping serum magnesium at 2.0 mEq/L or greater appears to accomplish these benefits for patients with type 2 DM. Periodically measuring serum magnesium and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) allows a physician to adjust the supplemental magnesium dose to accomplish these therapeutic goals while avoiding hypermagnesemia.
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