覆土质地及容重对裸岩石砾地土壤水分入渗的影响
Effects of Soil Texture and Bulk Density on Soil Water Infiltration in Bare Rock Gravel Land

为探明石砾地区覆土整治后不同容重对土壤水分入渗过程的影响，本研究选取了塿土、黄棕壤土两种不同质地类型的土壤，通过室内土柱入渗试验，比较分析了这两种土壤不同容重条件下石砾地覆土土壤的水分入渗过程，为此类地区的覆土整治提供理论依据。结果表明，容重对2种质地的试验土壤入渗过程有较大影响，试验土壤入渗能力随土壤容重的增加而减小；两种土壤的稳定入渗率与容重均呈对数负相关关系(R² > 95%)，塿土容重对稳定入渗率的影响程度要大于黄棕壤土；同一时刻，容重越大累积入渗量越小，2种土壤在100 min内累积入渗量与容重之间呈显著线性负相关关系；与Philip方程相比，Kostiakov入渗模型可以更好地反映塿土的整个入渗过程及黄棕壤土前40 min的入渗，黄棕壤土40 min后的入渗过程可用线性方程很好地描述；在土壤水分再分布过程中，同一土层高度中土壤容重越大其含水量越小，且土壤含水量随土层深度的增加而增加，土壤水分再分布的结果是容重越大0~30 cm土壤的储水量越大。
In order to explore the influence of different bulk density on soil water infiltration process after soil cover treatment in gravel area, this study selected two different texture types of soil, Lou soil and yellow-brown soil, through indoor soil column infiltration test, compared and analyzed the water infiltration process of gravel soil under different bulk density conditions of these two soils, and provided theoretical basis for soil cover treatment in such areas. The results showed that bulk density had a great influence on the infiltration process of the experimental soil in the two germplasm plots, and the infiltration capacity of the experimental soil decreased with the increase of soil bulk density. The stable infiltration rate of the two soils was negatively correlated with the bulk density (R² > 95%), and the effect of bulk density on the stable infiltration rate of Lou soil was greater than that of yellow-brown soil. At the same time, the larger the bulk density, the smaller the cumulative infiltration. There was a significant linear negative correlation between the cumulative infiltration and the bulk density of the two soils within 100 min. Compared with the Philip equation, the Kostiakov infiltration model can better reflect the whole infiltration process of Lou soil and the infiltration of yellow-brown soil in the first 40 min. The infiltration process of yellow-brown soil after 40 min can be well described by linear equation. In the process of soil water redistribution, the greater the soil bulk density in the same soil layer height, the smaller the water content, and the soil water content increases with the increase of soil depth. The result of soil water redistribution is that the greater the bulk density, the greater the water storage of 0~30 cm soil.