The paper is devoted to analysis of hydrogeological,
geomagnetic and seismic response to the two great remote geophysical events,
2022 Tonga volcano eruption and 2020-2023 Türkiye earthquakes in Georgia
(Caucasus). The geophysical observation system in Georgia, namely, water levelstationsin the network of deep wells, atmospheric pressure and the
geomagnetic sensors of the Dusheti Geophysical Observatory (DGO) as well as
seismic data in Garni Observatory (Armenia) respond to the Tonga event by
anomalies in the time series. These data show that there are two types of
respond: infrasound disturbances in atmospheric pressure and seismic waves in
the Earth generated by the eruption. After Tonga eruption January 15 at 04:21
UTC three groups of N-shaped waveforms were registered in the water level
corresponding to the global propagation characteristics of the N-shaped
waveform of infrasound signals on the barograms generated by eruption at the
distance ~15,700 km: they were identified as the Lamb wave, a surface wave package
running in the atmosphere with a velocity around ~314 m/s. The paper also
presents the WL reactions to three strong EQs that occur in Türkiye 2020-2023,
namely Elaz??, Van and Türkiye-Syria EQs. WL in Georgian well network reacts to
these events by anomalies of different intensity, which points to the high
sensitivity of hydrosphere to remote (several hundred km) strong EQs. The
intensity and character of WL reactions depend strongly on the local
hydrogeological properties of rocks, surrounding the well.
References
[1]
Wakita, H. (1975) Water Wells as Possible Indicators of Tectonic Strains. Science, 189, 553-555. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.189.4202.553
[2]
Roeloff, E. (1998) Persistent Water Level Changes in a Well Near Parkfield, California, Due to Local and Distant Earthquakes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 103, 869-889. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB02335
[3]
Wang, C.Y. and Manga, M. (2010) Earthquakes and Water. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
[4]
Kopylova, G. and Boldina, S. (2023) Seismo-Hydrogeodynamic Effects in Groundwater Pressure Changes: A Case Study of the YuZ-5 Well on the Kamchatka Peninsula. Water, 15, Article 2174. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15122174
[5]
Zhang, S.R., Vierinen, J., Aa, E., et al. (2022) 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Induced Global Propagation of Ionospheric Disturbances via Lamb Waves. ESS Open Archive. https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10510445.2
[6]
Yuen, D., Scruggs, M., Spera, F., et al. (2022) Under the Surface: Pressure-Induced Planetary-Scale Waves, Volcanic Lightning, and Gaseous Clouds Caused by the Submarine Eruption of Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano. Earthquake Research Advances, 2, Article ID: 100134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2022.100134
[7]
Melikadze, G., Jimsheladze, T., Kobzev, G. and Zhukova, N. (2010) Geodynamical Impact on the Water Level Variations in the Boreholes. Research workshop on Exploration and Exploitation of Groundwater and Thermal Water Systems in Georgia, Tbilisi, 69-83.
[8]
Buntebarth, G. and Chelidze, T. (2005) Time-Dependent Microtemperature and Hydraulic Signals Associated with Tectonic/Seismic Activity. Institute of Geophysics, Tbilisi.
[9]
Kobzev, G., Melikadze, G. and Jimsheladze, T. (2021) Reaction of Georgian Wells to Remote and Nearby Earthquakes. Similarities and Differences. Physics of Solid Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, 24, 35-37.
[10]
Chelidze, T., Kiria, T., Melikadze, G., Jimsheladze, T. and Kobzev, G. (2022) Earthquake Forecast as a Machine Learning Problem for Imbalanced Datasets: Example of Georgia, Caucasus. Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, Article 847808. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.847808
[11]
Buchachenko, A. (2021) Magnetic Control of the Earthquakes. Open Journal of Earthquake Research, 10, 138-152. https://www.scirp.org/journal/ojer https://doi.org/10.4236/ojer.2021.104009
[12]
Top 50 Geomagnetic Storms of 2022. https://www.spaceweatherlive.com/en/auroral-activity/top-50-geomagnetic-storms/year/2022.html
[13]
Eppelbaum, L., Katz, Y. and Ben-Avraham, Z. (2023) Why Did Such Giant Stress Accumulate on the Joining of Four Tectonic Plates in Eastern Türkiye? A Review. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1252.v1
[14]
Tamer, Y., Tolga, C., Omer, E., et al. (2016) Seismotectonic Database of Türkiye. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 16, 3277-3316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-9965-9
[15]
Taymaz, T., Ganas, A., Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., et al. (2017) Source Mechanism and Rupture Process of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol—Sivrice Earthquake obtained from Seismological Waveform Analysis and Space Geodetic Observations on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Türkiye). Tectonophysics, 804, 90-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228745
[16]
Akhoondzadeh, M. and Marchetti, D. (2023) Study of the Preparation Phase of Türkiye’s Powerful Earthquake (6 February 2023) by a Geophysical Multi-Parametric Fuzzy Inference System. Remote Sensing, 15, Article 2224. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15092224
[17]
Liu, C.Y., et al. (2023) Temporal Variation and Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Level Changes Induced by Large Earthquakes. Water, 15, Article 357. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020357
[18]
Shavgulidze, N. and Zautashvili, N. (2023) Impact of the 6 February 2023 Earthquake in Türkiye on Borjomi Mineral Water Wells. Open Journal of Geology, 13, 773-781. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2023.137034
[19]
Chelidze, T. and Gueguen, Y. (1998) Pressure-Induced Percolation Transitions in Composites. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 31, 2877. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/31/20/023
[20]
Chelidze, T., Matcharashvili, T., Abashidze, V., Dovgal, N., Mepharidze, E. and Chelidze, L. (2021) Time Series Analysis of Fault Strain Accumulation around Large Dam: The Case of Enguri Dam, Greater Caucasus. In: Bonali, F.L., Pasquaré Mariotto, F. and Tsereteli, N., Eds., Building Knowledge for Geohazard Assessment and Management in the Caucasus and Other Orogenic Regions, Springer, Dordrecht, 185-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2046-3_10