应急词汇日汉翻译方法研究——以防灾减灾词汇为中心
Research on Japanese-Chinese Translation Methods of Emergency Vocabulary—Focusing on Disaster Prevention and Reduction Vocabulary

加强应急管理，提高预防和处置突发事件的能力，是关系国计民生的大事。为促进应急语言服务发展，本文自建防灾减灾词汇日汉平行语料库，并探究了该类词汇在日译汉时所采用的翻译方法。研究表明，在将日语防灾减灾词汇译为汉语时，主要采用直译法，辅以意译和音译。若汉语中已有相等概念的词汇，则优先使用直译；若直译不符合中文习惯或难以传达原意，则转向意译。对于源自英语的日语外来语，在汉语中若存在语义空白，则更倾向于使用音译以保留英语原词。研究结论加深了对防灾减灾词汇翻译的理解，深化了我国应急词汇翻译研究，对应急语言服务和防灾减灾研究有一定启示。
Strengthening emergency management and improving the ability to prevent and deal with emer-gencies are major issues related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. In order to pro-mote the development of emergency language services, this article builds a Japanese-Chinese par-allel corpus of disaster prevention and reduction vocabulary, and explores the translation methods used when translating such vocabulary from Japanese to Chinese. Research shows that when trans-lating Japanese vocabulary for disaster prevention and reduction into Chinese, literal translation is mainly used, supplemented by free translation and transliteration. If there are words with equiva-lent concepts in Chinese, literal translation will be used first; if literal translation does not conform to Chinese habits or it is difficult to convey the original meaning, free translation will be used. For Japanese loanwords originating from English, if there are semantic gaps in Chinese, transliteration is preferred to retain the original English word. The research conclusion deepens the understand-ing of vocabulary translation for disaster prevention and reduction, deepens the research on emer-gency vocabulary translation in my country, and has certain implications for emergency language services and disaster prevention and reduction research.