港湾微型污损生物生态研究——浮游硅藻与附着硅藻初探
Ecological Study on Microfouling Organisms in Harbor—Preliminary Study on Planktonic and Attached Diatom

港湾微型污损生物生态研究，是海洋生态研究中的新亮点。本文采用自行设计的港湾微型污损生物调查办法，于2016年3~8月和2017年12月至2018年3月，在青岛中港进行挂板浸没实验。用常规海洋硅藻检测方法。结果表明：3~8月的月板附着硅藻种群数量和优势种逐月变化较大；冬季百天附着硅藻优势种随浸水时间的长短变化：浸水30天的为小平片藻，浸水百天的为楔形藻、卵形藻和舟形藻；表层水中优势种为孢角毛藻，底层水中为中骨条藻。用PRIMER6软件计算硅藻种群多样性结果附着硅藻 > 浮游硅藻。初步得出影响硅藻种群变化的主要因素为环境温度，试板表面状态和大型污损生物种群相关。本研究为港湾环境的硅藻生态以及污损研究提供参考。
Harbor microfouling ecology is a burgeoning focus in marine ecological research. This study utilized a specially designed method to investigate microfouling organisms in harbor environments, conducting immersion experiments with glass slides from March to August 2016 and from December 2017 to March 2018 in Zhong-gang Harbor, Qingdao. Conventional marine diatom detection techniques were employed. The results indicated that the species composition and dominance of diatom populations attached to the slides varied significantly from March to August. In winter, dominant diatom species varied with immersion duration: after 30 days, Tabularia was dominant, while after 100 days, Licmorphora, Cocconeis and Navicula became predominant. The surface water layer was dominated by Chaetoceros, whereas the bottom layer was dominated by Skeletonema. Analysis using PRIMER6 software revealed that the diversity of attached diatoms was higher than that of planktonic diatoms. The primary factors influencing diatom population dynamics were environmental temperature, substrate surface conditions, and the presence of large biofouling organisms. This study provides valuable insights into diatom ecology and biofouling in harbor environments.